Categories
Arctic Change

Seabird Update

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A pair of nesting guillemots from 2011. Image Credit: George Divoky

30 nests with eggs–about half of the active nests! In recent years, few eggs have been laid in July, but not this year.

Adult survival is apparently as low as last year (about 75 percent compared to the long-term average of 90 percent). Unlike last year, there are a number of 3-yr-olds that fledged in 2015 and have reached the age when guillemots first breed.

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Nonbreeding Peregrine Falcons occasionally stop by Cooper Island and are interested in both Black Guillemot adults and nestlings. This one was caught on a motion-sensitive camera as it hoped a chick might appear at the entrance. Image Credit: Goerge Divoky

While last year’s many widowed birds paired with their widowed neighbors (resulting in the decrease in nest sites) this year new birds are occupying the vacancies resulting from the increased mortality.

Guillemots typically don’t breed until their third year. There are even a few pairs this year with both members consisting of returning Cooper birds breeding for the first time.

Just finished the adult census as a Peregrine kept birds offshore or in sites for 2 days.

Getting the WeatherPort (which is basically a heavy-duty canvas structure, similar to a yurt) set up now — more later.


This field report is part of an ongoing series titled Arctic Change centered around George Divoky’s 44th field season studying Black Guillemots, sea ice, and climate change on a remote Arctic island off the coast of Alaska. To donate and support Divoky’s work on Cooper Island, visit the Friends of Cooper Island.


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Black Guillemots Life History by Cornell Lab of Ornithology

Categories
Arctic Change

Cooper Island’s 44th Field Season Underway

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George Divoky’s 2018 arrival on Cooper Island for his 44th field season. Image Credit: Craig George

June 19, 2018, after several weather-related delays, Search and Rescue pilots transported George and his gear to Cooper Island. His cabin is packed floor to ceiling with supplies stored over the winter, and he arrived with 800 pounds of equipment to support his 44th season studying Arctic seabirds.

While the Arctic has experienced back-to-back record-breaking years of warming, Utqiaġvik and North Slope of Alaska encountered unusually cold weather and snowfall this spring. According to George, he hasn’t seen conditions like this since the 1970s.

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The most recent image of NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Barrow Observatory show snow accumulation in the middle of June 2018. Image Credit: NOAA ESRL

He predicts the late snowmelt will make this season particularly difficult for his Black Guillemots, who are already struggling to adapt to an ecosystem imperiled by climate change.

The delayed breeding season means the parents will have to fly farther to reach retreating sea ice in order find food that is ideal for guillemot chicks.

The longer distance means the parents expend more energy, which is a precious commodity for seabirds. In Far from Land, Michael Brooke writes, “Natural selection will favour individuals which do not imperil their own long-term chances of survival by recklessly over-investing in any single year’s offspring.” Brooke adds that it is better to forgo a single year’s offspring in the hopes of future generations of potential chicks, because seabirds like albatross and guillemots tend to lay small clutches of eggs. The Cooper Island birds typically lay two eggs each year.

Based on previous year’s data collected via geolocators George uses to track the birds, he thinks they’ve been in Nuvuk for the last month. Also known as Point Barrow, this headland is about nine miles east of Utqiaġvik. The guillemots are waiting for the snow to melt, George says.

“Snowmelt at NOAA’s Barrow Observatory typically occurs about a week before egg laying,”  George noted on social media. “Female guillemots don’t ovulate until snowmelt allows access to the nest cavity.”

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George waves goodbye from Cooper Island on June 19. Image Credit: Craig George

Once George sets up camp — which is no small feat alone in freezing temperatures — he’ll be sending us regular updates via satellite, which we will be sharing here. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram for the latest news and Arctic insights.


This story is part of an ongoing series titled Arctic Change centered around George Divoky’s 44th field season studying Black Guillemots, sea ice, and climate change on a remote Arctic island off the coast of Alaska. To donate and support Divoky’s work on Cooper Island, visit the Friends of Cooper Island.


Read More

NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Global Monitoring Division, Barrow, Alaska Observatory

Looking For Signs of Global Warming, They’re All Around You by Seth Borenstein

Trying To Stay Optimistic In A Seabird Colony That Is Half Full – When It Is Really Half Empty by George Divoky

Categories
Exploring Ocean Worlds

Critical Science Literacy

Experts believe climate change is a science communication emergency. Mounting evidence suggests that action now may be our only hope. Image Credit: Jenny Woodman

The public struggles with science literacy.

A traditional view of science literacy focuses on information and facts — on textbook knowledge, but critical science literacy emphasizes awareness of how science is practiced, from the collaborative nature of research and how science is funded to the ways we evaluate what we know to be true at any given moment.

A science literate public is less concerned with scientific concepts rotely-memorized; rather, they are armed with enough understanding to think critically about the world around them and to participate in a democratic society. They are skeptical of sensational science headlines and carefully consider the sources of the information they consume. And, most importantly, they possess agency and autonomy, which strengthens our commitment to provide tools for decision-making without manipulation or covert persuasion.

Informed citizens make better decisions.

However, an ever-changing media landscape creates significant barriers between the public and the scientific understanding necessary to inspire meaningful action on climate change.

While climate change makes headlines daily, there are fewer (and fewer) journalists assigned to science and environmental beats. This combined with the deluge of data and information widely available on the internet makes critical science literacy fundamental in an age where science and technology pervade almost all aspects of our lives.

Evidence of sea level rise, hypoxic zones, and ocean acidification are just a few of the indicators that suggest the ocean is inextricably linked with climate change. Factoring in other human-caused stressors like plastic and pollution adds an even greater sense of urgency to the task of communicating about how oceanic changes impact our future and the future of many other species.

Experts believe climate change is a science communication emergency. Mounting evidence suggests that action now may be our only hope.

The ocean poses additional challenges for engagement. Over 70 percent of Earth’s surface is covered by water, but most of the ocean is out of sight and out of mind for the students, activists, and change-makers who might help mitigate threats to our vital ocean ecosystems.

Because of this disconnect between awareness and the scope of threats to our oceans, vast expanses of our planet remain unexplored and unknown. In the deep, cold waters, there are mountains that would tower over the Himalayas and bioluminescent sea creatures who use tools. There are species that coordinate with other species to hunt and survive in the harshest of environments. Currently, at least half of the anticancer drugs on the market come from marine resources, so ancient sea sponges and cold-water corals we’re discovering now may unlock medical breakthroughs the likes of which we can only imagine.

How do you build literacy and engage with something so distant, with a place that seems out of our reach? We’re working to build emotional investment in ocean issues with multimedia storytelling and informal science education.

Science is a human endeavor and we are storytellers constantly searching for the connective tissue to make an audience keep reading, keep looking, and — most importantly — keep thinking.


Jenny Woodman, Proteus founder and executive director, is a science writer and educator living in the Pacific Northwest; she is a 2018 lead science communication fellow for the Exploration Vessel Nautilus. Follow her on Twitter @JennyWoodman.


Read more

Goodwin, J. (2018). Effective Because Ethical: Speech Act Theory as a Frameworks for Scientists’ Communication. In Ed. Priest, S., Goodwin, Jean, & Dahlstrom, Michael F. (2018). Ethics and practice in science communication. Chicago ; London: The University of Chicago Press.

Gottfried, J. and Funk, C. (2017). Most Americans get their science news from general outlets, but many doubt their accuracy. Pew Research Center Fact Tank.

Priest, S. (2013). Critical Science Literacy. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society,33(5-6), 138-145.

Priest, S. (2018).  Communicating Climate Change and Other Evidence-Based Controversies: Challenges to Ethics in Practice. In Ed. Priest, S., Goodwin, Jean, & Dahlstrom, Michael F. (2018). Ethics and practice in science communication. Chicago ; London: The University of Chicago Press.

Schubel, J. (2016). Positioning ocean exploration in a chaotic sea of changing media. Paper presented at 2016 Ocean Exploration Forum: “Beyond the Ships.” New York: Rockefeller University.

Woodman, J. (2016). NOAA’s Chief Scientists Charts Course Toward a New Blue Economy. IEEE Earthzine.

Categories
Exploring Ocean Worlds

Proteus Sets Sail

 

 

As a kid, I sprawled out on the shag carpet in our family room reading Nancy Drew mysteries and watching Star Trek. My childish imaginings were punctuated by the steady rhythmic sound of an electric typewriter clicking and humming in the nearby study where my dad wrote at home. He is a newspaper man. Over the span of his 45 year career he covered everything from the local school board meetings to state capitals, from the Apollo 8 splashdown to the revitalization of the Naval shipyards in Philadelphia.

I spent my childhood loitering in bustling and grungy news rooms, coloring in the weekday comic strips and waiting for dad to finish this or that important thing. By the late 80s, he was on the foreign desk at the Philadelphia Inquirer where I “helped” edit a story about a young Mikhail Gorbachev leaping up a flight of stairs two at time — the blinking cursor of the Atex computer screen is forever burned in my memory.

Watching him finagle time in the locomotive car of freight trains, on Chinook and Black Hawk helicopters, on US Navy aircraft carriers and on a thousand-bed hospital ship taught meaningful lessons about writing, although I didn’t realize it at the time.

Storytelling takes shape when you get out there: see the drama of boring everyday life unfold in front of you; smell the smoke and diesel fuel; get dirty.

I suppose it’s not surprising that I’ve spent the last few years cornering NOAA administrators and scientists at conventions and meetings, handing out my business card and asking for passage on any ship that would take me. I researched and applied for fellowships and writing residencies.

Finally, my efforts paid off. In 2017, I joined Oceanographer Robert Ballard’s Corps of Exploration on Board the Exploration Vessel (E/V) Nautilus as a science communication fellow. We spent two weeks exploring deep underwater canyons and the edge of the continental shelf in Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary with the Nautilus’s beloved robotic duo, Argus and Hercules.

The sanctuary lies off the coast of California, northwest of San Francisco. The sanctuary territory was expanded in 2015 to 1286 square miles of largely unknown deep sea habitats. During over 90 hours of diving with the robots, we found deep sea sponge and coral communities, along with a host of life — octopuses, skates, and catsharks — clinging to and lingering about the rocky substrate at the bottom of the ocean. It was a breathtaking spectacle to witness scientists and sanctuary managers discover new species and gain a deeper understanding of this precious natural area. Their excitement was joyful and contagious.

This summer, I’m heading back to out to sea. Through the Proteus platform, we’ll experiment with a combination of essays, live field reports, graphics, photos, and whatever we can get our hands on to help transport you, our readers, to remote and wonderful places in our own ocean world.

In July, I’ll return to California on the NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada for a seabird and marine mammal survey. The cruise is part of a collaboration between three National Marine Sanctuaries (Cordell Bank, Greater Farallones, and Monterey Bay) and Point Blue Conservation Science via the Applied California Current Ecosystem Studies (ACCESS) cruises. It will be the 15th year of data collection and observation, helping provide a baseline for understanding sanctuary waters and the impacts of humans and climate change on these regions.

In September, I rejoin the team on board the E/V Nautilus as a lead science communication fellow. This expedition is a joint mission with NASA to explore underwater volcanoes with robots at the Lōihi Seamount. By watching how ocean explorers work remotely from the safety of their vessels in dangerous and unfamiliar environments, NASA can be better prepared for future space missions.

We’ll also be covering George Divoky’s 44th field season in the Arctic where he studies a small colony of Black Guillemots. These seabirds spend most of the year out on the ice; they come to Cooper Island every summer to breed. While George set out to study guillemots in 1975, he also ended up conducting one of the longest running studies of sea ice and climate change along the way. This Plumb Line special series is titled Arctic Change.

With this, our first season at sea and all our future projects we’ll work together to build critical science literacy and to engage the public with the ocean–our planet’s life support system.